Raw SignalOct 12, 20261 min read1 source

AI Scaling vs Human Scaling (12 minute read)

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Toby Ord’s October 9, 2026 essay, “AI Scaling vs Human Scaling,” asks whether models gain as much from additional reasoning tokens as humans gain from more time on a task.

It argues that available evidence points to sublinear growth in AI task time horizon as token budgets increase, while human performance appears to scale more strongly with time.

Ord discusses a METR comparison with early models and a UK AI Security Institute chart based on capture-the-flag hacking tasks. In the latter, the estimated token increase needed for a tenfold improvement in time horizon fell from roughly 10,000× for earlier models to about 20× for models through May 2026. The essay treats this as evidence of improvement, not proof of parity: the datasets are limited, comparisons depend on task and evaluation design, and the trend may plateau.

Evidence / sources

  1. 1tobyord.com/writing/ai-scaling-vs-human-scaling
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